Tattoos And Religion - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1181 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/05/06 Category Culture Essay Level High school Tags: Tattoo Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Tattoos have existed for decades. A tattoo is a permanent insertion of pigment underneath the skin with the usage of a keen instrument. Humans tattoo their bodies for cosmetic, religious, and sentimental purposes. In modern day, the practice of tattooing is rather safe due to single-use needles and other beneficial factors. Tattoos certainly secure a reasonable position on a persons identity; however, religion connects with identification to a great extent likewise. Judaism In Judaism, tattoos are predominantly frowned upon due to religious beliefs. It is concluded that the body is a gift from the Lord, therefore, it is sacred. Beth S, M.D states, Making permanent markings on the body shows disrespect. Permanent markings within the body is considered discourteous to the Orthodox Jewish tradition which forbids modifications of the body. As stated, our bodies devotionally belong to the Lord himself. We were placed on this earth without body modifications, thus we should perish without them as well. By desecrating our bodies, we are enraging God and violating his commands. Although many Jews show lack of concern with body modifications, Nazi Concentration Camps and the Holocaust include an additional measure of disgust towards tattooing. Swastikas are culturally relevant due to the fact that it is an emblem to represent the German Nazi party which firmly despised Jews. The placement of a swastika represents a persons identity because it secretly provides t heir personal position on the Holocaust and their hatred towards this particular group of people. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Tattoos And Religion" essay for you Create order Hinduism Hindus do not forbid body modifications/tattoos. Tattooing in Hinduism is performed for traditional and religious purposes. For the most part, Hinduism is the primary source of popular tattoo designs internationally. Although Hinduism enables the practice of tattooing, there are restrictions. Placements of the Tattoo is extremely important, therefore, placing a tattoo of their God below their waist is perceived as disrespectful. Hindus are very liberal when it comes to tattoos as compared to the other Abrahamic religions (1). This represents a persons identity because it establishes the significance of their religious/traditional (cultural) practices that are incorporated with tattooing. Buddhism Buddhism is similar to Hinduism, yet it does not hold many restrictions. Numerous amounts of Asian cultures have an extended history of tattooing their bodies for religious purposes. It is stated that tattoos hold a quality of admiration that supplies an advantage when a believer is in conflict. Buddhists believe that the body is impermanent and so are tattoos (Albagdadi). Due to tattoos being perceived as non-permanent, cultural beliefs are undisturbed. This relates to a persons identity because by tattooing Buddha, lotus flowers, dharma wheels, and etc on oneself, one is displaying the religious significance of the design. Islam In Islam, having a tattoo can inhibit ones opportunity of progressing peace with God. Due to this statement, its clear that Islam extremely prohibits the practice of tattooing. According to Islamic scholars, permanent tattoos are banned in the Muslim faith. This stems from the fact that according to Islam your body is a creation of Allah or god (Albagdadi 1). Tattooing ones body vandalizes Gods beautiful creation. To resolve the conflict, Henna, a temporary tattoo was created. Henna being washable is absolutely beneficial. Henna is also beneficial because the interchangeable designs are unique and creative. It represents a persons identity by displaying an aspect of their culture. Christianity Tattoos are acceptable in the Christian faith. A quote from Leviticus 19:28, Do not cut your bodies for the dead, and do not mark your skin with tattoos. I am the Lord (Albagdadi 1) is extremely misinterpreted. The statement is not stating that one should not receive a tattoo, it is stating that one should not commit witchcraft or practice rituals. Christians that interpret the bible literally would be greatly astonished by the situation, but overall, tattoos are not a magnificent problem for Christians. A typical Christian tattoo include doves, crosses, and etc. A dove represents peace and a cross symbolizes the victory of Christs sacrifices. These tattoos have an extent on someones identity because it gives a peak of their Christian faith or beliefs. Neopagan Neopagans extremely support the practice of tattooing. Tattooing for Neopagans are representations or expressions of their beliefs. By permanently marking themselves, they become an outcast to society. Adam Lunoe, a tattoo artist, states, Many Pagans I know are tattooed. Maybe it must has something to do with being an outcast or the willingness to mark oneself as permanently different. This supports how tattoos play a role in identification because Neopagans recieve tattoos mostly to separate themselves from others; in other words, they rather not be compared. Mormonism Mormons believe the body is sacred, therefore tattoos are forbidden. By tattooing yourself, you are disrespecting your body. Mormons are strongly against tattoos today (Kemeny). Tattooing and other body modification will be regrettable in future references, apparently, due to mormons cultural beliefs. Our bodies are temples. Tattoos interrupt the creation of God, therefore their bodies will no longer be creative and unique. Not only are tattoos forbidden in this specific religion, but mormons are also restricted in wearing indelicate clothing. They should avoid extremes in clothing, appearance, and hairstyle and not disfigure themselves with tattoos or body piercings (Williams 1). When mormons modify their holy bodies, they are going against the grain of their religion. The strong cultural beliefs of tattoos in Mormonism definitely holds a position on a persons identity. If a mormon wants others to acknowledge their religion, a tattoo would not be the brightest idea due to their reli gious doctrines. Sikhism In Sikhism, tattoos and piercings are also predominantly frowned upon. Any method of body modifications is prohibited under any circumstance. There are many restrictions within this specific religion. Tattooing, piercing, wearing jewelry, bindi dot, makeup and trendy fashions, etc are restricted (Khalsa). The intentions for the these restrictions include: whether or not the tattoo is attention seeking, a private symbol or personal conviction, spiritual, and etc. This represents how a tattoo deals with a persons identification because it determines on whether or not they are nonchalant about their Gods strong statement on how our bodies are extravagantly sacred. Solution In future references, religions that support the accessibilities of tattoos or other body modification should continue to believe their beliefs) and religions that do not support accessibilities to tattoos or other body modifications should also believe their belief(s). Although its a lot of controversy on the practice of tattooing, others need to understand that there are different interpretations on the situation. Certain religions demoralize the practice of tattooing whereas others accept it due to religious and/or traditional (cultural) reasons such as Hinduism and Christianity. Tattoos play a role on a persons identity because it establishes the persons characteristics and possibly gives away their religious beliefs. If their religion forbids tattoos, they may not have artwork on their bodies, but for the most part, it is all based on the persons decision. The human decides whether or not they will follow the doctrine. Regardless, if they dont do as instructed, consequences will occur in the long run, so their resolution should be wisely represented.

Response Paper On Kill A Mockingbird - 4156 Words

Roselyn Sharma Thursday, June 5, 2014 Honors English 10 Summer Work: Response Journal To Kill a Mockingbird Reading Section 1: Chapters 1-3 Issue: Education Active Reader Strategy: Making Predictions Quote: By the way, Scout, you d better not say anything at school about our agreement (31). Response: In the first section of reading, Scout, also known as Jean Louise Finch, lives in the 1930 s during the time of the Great Depression. She lives with her father, Atticus, brother, Jem, and cook, Calpurnia. Scout and Jem meet a guest at their neighbors house who is staying in the town of Maycomb, Alabama every summer from then on. His name is Dill and he is around the same age are Scout, six years old. They talk about a house that is in their neighborhood constantly. A man named Mr. Radley lived there with his wife and two sons for a very long. The kids were talking about how he bought cotton. This was supposed to be a polite term for doing nothing. They continue to talk together telling Dill all the things that happen in this small, sleepy town. Then the book fast forwards to them saying goodbye to Dill because he was going home. Once Dill leaves it was almost time for Scout and Jem to start school again in a few days. On the first day of school Jem drops Scout off to her first grade class. He explains to her not to come to him in recess. He will stay with his fifth grade class and she will stay with her class. Scout was aShow MoreRelated Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird Essay1367 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird In the early twentieth century, the United States was undergoing a dramatic social change. Slavery had been abolished decades before, but the southern states were still attempting to restrict social interaction among people of different races. In particular, blacks were subject to special Jim Crow laws which restricted their rights and attempted to keep the race inferior to whites. 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Abstinence vs. Teen Birth Control Free Essays

For the past fourteen years, teen births in the United States has enjoyed a low rating. However, in 2007, this low birth rate was disrupted as there is a sudden surge in the number of teenagers getting pregnant. Based on the record of the National Center for Health Statistics, there is a three percent increase among 15 to 19 year-old girls from 2005 to 2006 after a thirty-four percent decrease between the years 1991 to 2005 (Riley, n. We will write a custom essay sample on Abstinence vs. Teen Birth Control or any similar topic only for you Order Now pag. ). According to government officials and physicians concerned with teen health, there is a need for a better sex education among teens for them to be able to fully understand the consequences of having sex and the responsibilities that go along with it. There is also a need to advocate for abstinence or the â€Å"shunning away† from any sexual act to decrease the number of teens who are getting preganant. It has been observed that sex education among teens focuses only on the use of contraceptives and does not promote abstinence, which according to physicians, is the best solution to the problem on teen pregnancies. According to Hirsch (n. pag. ), abstinence is the safest way of not getting pregnant as this will prevent the egg and sperm cells from meeting and connecting with each other. Without the connection of the egg and sperm cells, pregnancy will be impossible. Aside from this, there are also other advantages of abstinence. Among these are the prevention of sexually transmitted infections, infertility and the development of cancer of the cervix. It has been medically found out that women who engage in sex during their younger years have higher risk of developing cancer as compared to those who don’t. Abstinence is the practice or commitment of two single persons not to engage in pre-marital sex. Unlike most birth control methods that rely on pills and equipment to take effect, abstinence requires self-control and a strong commitment to inhibit from any sexual act. Many medical practitioners and parents advocate abstinence among the teens because it is the most ideal method where they can be sure that teen pregnancy can be eliminated or, if not, reduced. It is healthy and safe as compared to other birth control methods which rely on medications and equipments. Aside from this, it is also the only birth control method that is advocated by the Catholic faith and other religious beliefs. However, this method seem to be very difficult to follow especially for teenagers who are at their aggressive stage and are in the mood for experimentation and experience. It is very difficult for them to control their emotions especially if they are not deeply grounded morally and have not fully understood the pros and cons of sex and abstinence, thus, making the promising effect of this method useless. There are actually other forms of birth control methods aside from abstinence that could help reduce teen pregnancies and these include the following: information based methods, barrier methods, hormonal methods and longterm methods. The information based birth control are methods that are underpinned on facts such as the occurrence of pregnancy and how the female and male reporductive organs work. They include lactation amenorrhea method, withdrawal and natural family planning. Barrier methods,on the other hand, prevent the egg and sperm cells from meeting and some can also be used to prevent sexually transmitted diseases. There are male and female condoms, diaphragms, cervical and female caps, lea’s shield and spermicides. The hormonal method includes birth control pill, shot, patch and ring and emergency contraceptive pills. They work in varying ways, but essentially their two main functions are to keep the eggs from leaving the ovary and change the mucus created in the cervix to kill the sperm and prevent it from travelling to the egg. The long term methods which are the sterilization methods, intra-uterine devices and implants function for several years, some even permanently. These methods work well in preventing pregnancy but unlike other methods, it does not provide protection against HIV or STD (Teen source, n. pag. ). However, based on article reviewed by Dr. Hirsch, not all birth control methods are effective and can outrightly prevent the occurrence of pregnancy; some are even more risky for teens. A risky method is the fertility awareness or the rhythm method. This may be more risky for teens because their body might have not yet adjusted to the normal menstrual cycle. According to the article, in choosing the best birth control method, the following must be kept in mind: the ease of using it, the cost of the birth control material and the health condition of the person using it. It would be wise to educate the teens of these methods to know which are more effective in their system. The greater the information that teens receive, the more likely will they be able to respond positively to situations that come their way. Promoting birth control methods does not mean advocating sex among teens. This is just a precautionary method just in case they find abstinence difficult. It is better for them to utilize these methods and be aware of its effects rather remain ignorant of the procedures. To reiterate, teenagers are very aggressive and they are always out to try something new, and sex is definitely one of the experiences they want to go through. Its better for them to be forewarned so that early pregnancy can be eliminated or at least trimmed down, rather than attempt to shield them from these methods and suffer the grim consequence of children bearing their own children. Sex education in the United States should be well explained to teenagers. They shoulod be educated on pros and cons of engaging in a sexual act. They should also lecture on abstinence and birth control methods and have a balanced presentation so that the teens can weigh which is more effective to their body system, practices and beliefs. It is better to have a choice than merely impose something which is not palatable to ideals. Parents should not only foster abstinence because if teens lose their virginity and they are only educated on abstinence, there is a greater possibility that they will engage in unprotected sex because they are not fully aware of the other contraceptive methods that they can use. Works Cited â€Å"Abstinence. † 19 March 2008. Cool Nurse. com. 30 April 2008 http://www. coolnurse. com/abstinence. htm â€Å"Birth Control. † n. d. Teen Source. 30 April 2008. http://www. teensource. org/pages/3001/Birth_Control. htm Hirsch, Larissa. , MD. â€Å"About Birth Control: What you need to know. † 2007 February. Kids Health. 30 April 2008 http://72. 14. 235. 104/search? q=cache:SR1hkQRJ4yYJ:www. kidshealth. org/teen/sexual_health/ contraception/contraception. html+teen+birthcontrolhl=tlct=clnkcd= 1gl=phclient=firefox-a Hirsch, Larissa. , MD. â€Å"Birth Control Methods: How well do they work?. †2007 March. Kids Health. 30 April 2008 http://72. 14. 235. 104/search? q=cache:Co_99Q_tt9UJ:www. kidshealth. com/teen/sexual_health/ contraception/bc_chart. html+teen+birthcontrol hl=tlct=clnkcd=5gl=phclient=firefox-a Riley, Jennifer. â€Å"US Teen Birth Rate Rises, Ends 14-year Streak. † 06 December 2007. Christian Post. 30 April 2008. http://209. 85. 175. 104/search? q=cache:I6XbWMSDSxwJ:www. christianpost. com/article/20071206/30366_ U. S. _Teen_Birth_Rate_Rises,_Ends_14-Year_Streak. htm+abstinence+vs. +teen+birth +controlhl=tlct=clnkcd=9gl=phclient=firefox-a How to cite Abstinence vs. Teen Birth Control, Papers

The Complex Identity free essay sample

A look at how race and ethnicity impact identity. This essay critically analyzes what it means to be an American. The author attempts to investigate how the way in which we define ourselves within our racial or ethnic categories affects our identities as Americans. Ones identity and self esteem is constantly being molded by a number of ongoing factors. Culture a factor of many. A persons cultural upbringing predetermines how that specific person will live his or her life. It also determines how that person will respect other cultures, as well as his own. A complex nation is America, and the opinions of Americans can vary greatly. Mary C. Waters relays the concept of ethnic options, which is a term which means the freedom to choose your ethnicity, based on the specific situation. Waters strongly believes that Americans with European ancestry are at a significantly greater advantage over non-Whites in America. We will write a custom essay sample on The Complex Identity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore, according to Waters, the ways in which we define ourselves within our racial and ethnic categories, can compliment or vanish our identities as Americans.

Mars Rover free essay sample

Thus the force of gravity on Mars is about one-third of that on Earth. Mars is probably the planet we know the most about since it is so close to Earth, though what we know now is not even close to everything about the planet. Over the past several decades, humans have been interested about life on mars. In 1877, Giovanni Schiaparelli, an Italian astronomer, was the first person to draw a map of Mars. His map showed a system of streaks or channels, which he called canali. In 1910, the U. S. astronomer Percival Lowell made observations of Mars and wrote a book. In his book, Lowell described Mars as a dying planet where the civilizations built an extensive network of canals to distribute water from the polar regions to the center of the planet. Mars was discovered by scientists in the 1600’s. Researchers descried a pale pink object that was only visible in the early morning just before dawn. We will write a custom essay sample on Mars Rover or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The object moved closer to the stars, got brighter over the next year and rose earlier and earlier. Then it reversed direction. Mars was the third most brightest object in the night sky, it had an intense red color and could see all night long. After moving the opposite direction for about 70 days, it reversed direction again, and gradually got dimmer. It was only visible in the evening sky and set earlier and earlier. After another year it again was a pale pink object, this time only visible just after sunset. Shortly after that, it could not be visible at all. It remained unseen for about one hundred days when the cycle began again. Each cycle took a little over two years. Scientists believed that water may have existed on the planet Mars. The total journey time from Earth to Mars takes between 150-300 days epending on the speed of the launch, the alignment of Earth and Mars, and the length of the journey the spacecraft takes to reach its target. We would need food, waste disposal, oxygen, and the matter of getting back to earth. Another reason we wouldnt send humans to mars dont know how our body would react to mars atmosphere. Mars doesnt have a magnetic field, such as earth, our planet blocks it out. If a human went to mars for a period of time there is a 40% chance they would come back with cancer. So at this time rovers are our best option. The first rover ever sent mars was in 1962 called Mariner 3. The rover never landed on mars it was a flyby which means it only took pictures of the planet while in obit. In 1965 Mariner 4 took more pictures. In 1969, flybys ended and NASA came up with spacecrafts. Mariner 9 was the first rover to take pictures of the entire surface of Mars when it landed in 1972. In the mid 70’s, they launched Viking 1 and 2, they were the first to discover ultraviolet radiation with dry soil and oxidizing nature preventing organisms from forming. The cost, to build a rover is about 2. 7 billion dollars, for us to send over humans the cost is twice as much. Sojourner, which launched in 1996 and landed in 1997, was part of the Mars Pathfinder Mission. The itty-bitty rover weighed in at 23 pounds. It was 26 inches long, 19 inches wide, and 12 inches tall. In 83 Martian days of operation, Sojourner never ventured more than 40 feet away from its lander, and its odometer for the whole trip read onl y about 330 feet. The rover snapped 550 photographs and performed tests on a rock named Yogi. In 2001 NASA discovered ice when the spacecraft Odyssey orbited Mars and took pictures. What Spirit and Opportunity found was a credit to the technology that allowed them to explore Mars. Within a couple months of landing, the Opportunity uncovered evidence of saltwater, which leaves open the possibility that life (and fossil indications) might at one time have existed on the planet. Spirit stumbled across rocks that pointed to an earlier, unrulier Mars that was marked by impacts, explosive volcanism and subsurface water [source: NASA Mars]. Water is key because almost everywhere we find water on Earth we find life, NASAs Web site. However, we are still unsure life existed on Mars. The rover Curiosity, finally landed on mars August 6, 2012, it was launched November 26, 2011. Before NASA could be launched Curiosity, the rover it had to go through series of test, drop tests, pull test, drive test, load test, stress tests, and shorting tests. So scientists had to realize that Earth and Mars revolve around the sun at different rates meaning it takes Mars 686 earths days and the Earth 365 days. They did to figure out when Mars was closest to Earth. Curiosity was launched from Cape Canaveral. Stage one, it reaches space and the tip of the cone opens and fall off. During the second stage, a centuar engine starts placing the vehicle into obit. When everything is alined the second engine starts to bring it to mars. Once Curiosity is on Mars it will do tasks such as collecting rock, soil sampling and placing them on instruments in order to be analyzed. What goes into the rover (Siceloff, Steven. Mars Rover Well-Equipped for Studies. NASAs John F. Kennedy Space Center. Nov. 22, 2011. (Dec. 9, 2011) http://www. nasa. gov/mission_pages/msl/launch/mslprelaunchfeature. html): A miniaturized gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer will separate and analyze chemical compounds in samples. A tunable laser spectrometer will look for organic (carbon-containing) compounds and determine the ratio of key isotopes both vital to unlocking Marss atmospheric and aquatic past. CheMin, an X-ray diffraction and fluorescence instrument, will measure the bulk composition of samples and detect their constituent minerals. Located on the rover arm, the Mars Hand Lens Imager will photograph rocks, soil and, if present, ice in extreme close-up. This uber-camera can spot details thinner than a human hair or focus on objects more than an arms length away. The Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer for Mars Science Laboratory, also located on the arm, will figure out the relative amounts of various elements present in Martian rocks and soils. Curiositys neck, or mast, is also decked out in instrumentation: The Mars Science Laboratory Mast Camera (MSLMC), attached at human-eye height, will help the rover navigate and record its surroundings in high-resolution stereo and color stills or high-definition video. The MSLMC can view materials collected or treated by the arm. Stereo hazard-avoidance cameras located further down the mast will aid the rovers navigation. Another mast-mounted instrument, ChemCam, will vaporize thin layers of material up to 30 feet (9 meters) away using laser pulses, then analyze them with its spectrometer. Its telescope can capture images of the beams target area. The Radiation Assessment Detector will monitor surface radiation levels. The Rover Environmental Monitoring Station will take readings of atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity and wind, as well as levels of ultraviolet radiation. The Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons instrument can detect hydrogen a potential indicator of ice or water trapped in minerals up to 3 feet (1 meter) beneath the surface. Earthlings have long been fascinated by the planet Mars. Well before modern science fiction speculated about advanced civilizations upon Mars, the red planet was regarded as a malevolent agent of war, pestilence, and apocalyptic disaster inhabited with little green men. For untold millennia prior to scientific astronomy and well before there were any records which could properly be called historical, human beings recounted myths surrounding their favorite heroes and gods about Mars. It wasn’t until the 17th century when Mars was first discovered by scientists that we began to understand the red planet. The first rover sent to Mars was in 1962. The first successful mission was the 1964 trip by the Mariner 4, a United States craft that returned 21 images of the planet. In 1969 the flybys ended and In 1972 pictures were taken of the planets surface by the rover Mariner 9. Viking 1 and 2, which launched in the mid-70s, both had landers that descended to the surface of Mars. In 2003, the Mars Exploration Rover mission team launched Spirit and Opportunity, one of which was still traversing the planet as 2011 ended. Which leads us to Curiosity and 2012. Curiosity, previously known as the Mars Science Laboratory weighs 2000 pounds and has a planned mission duration of 23 Earth months, which it could exceed by quite some time, based on NASAs experience with the Spirit and Opportunity rovers. True to its old name (Mars Science Laboratory), Curiosity is packed with instruments as mentioned above. Who knows what our curiosity will lead to. Hopefully, life.

Investigation into the Effect of Concentration on Rate of Reaction between Marble Chips and Acid Essays

Investigation into the Effect of Concentration on Rate of Reaction between Marble Chips and Acid Essays Investigation into the Effect of Concentration on Rate of Reaction between Marble Chips and Acid Essay Investigation into the Effect of Concentration on Rate of Reaction between Marble Chips and Acid Essay Before carrying out a set of experiments, I decided to do preliminary work to look at quantities and measurements, in order for my experiments to work smoothly and accurately. To do this, I tested both amounts of marble chips and amounts and concentration ranges of acid. I also experimented with different measuring cylinder sizes. I carried out a few simple experiments varying the above, and came up with the most sensible.We began by what seemed the most practical quantities. Firstly we looked at marble chips. We took 5g as a starting example. To accompany this we looked at what would be a sensible amount of liquid to accompany it and chose 50ml. To find the right measuring cylinder to use, we set up a mock experiment and began with a 25ml measuring cylinder. We timed experiments for both the strongest and weakest concentrations of acid and recorded the following results.50ml acid0ml water = 26.80 seconds10ml acid40ml water = 2 minutes, 53.77 secondsThese were both practical results and so we were happy with the size of the measuring cylinder. Along with this, we also took note at how our quantities of acid and marble chips worked together and saw that they were both satisfactory. All other equipment and the set up of the apparatus were also fine and so we decided to move on to the proper experiments.Planning My WorkFor this experiment I will need to investigate how the rate of reaction of marble chips is effected by acid as well as considering other factors that my have an effect.Aim: To find a relationship between the concentration of acid and the rate of which a reaction takes place with marble chips.To begin the experiment, I need to look at the chemistry of marble chips (calcium carbonate) and acid and so I will begin with their equations.Word equation:calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxideChemical equation:CaCo3(s) + 2HCl(aq) CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)When the reaction takes place, carbon dioxide, water and salt will be produced. Out of these three, I have chosen carbon dioxide as the one to measure for my rate of reaction. This is because it will be the easiest and most noticeable to collect. By the measurement of the carbon dioxide, we will be able to accurately follow how fast the reaction occurs. Pg 190 of the Chemistry for you book, shows a sensible, simple and accurate way of measuring a gas like carbon dioxide, in an upturned measuring cylinder filled with water. If we place marble chips and acid in a conical flask, the gas will bubble through a delivery tube lowering the level of water, which we will then be able to time until all water has left the cylinder.The amount of time it takes for the gas to fill the measuring cylinder will show us how much carbon dioxide has been given off and so will show us the rate of reaction. Rate of reaction is altered by three main things. One is SURFACE AREA. This will relate to the surface area of our marble chips. The finer the chips, the larger the surface area, and so the larger the rate of reaction. However, we are intending to keep the surface area the same. Another factor is TEMPERATURE. Again, we are not going to alter the temperature. If we were to, the hotter the temperature, the faster the rate of reaction as the molecules would have more energy. The other is CONCENTRATION. This relates to the concentration of the acid and is what we will use as our variable.The acid particles can only react with the marble chips when they collide, as seen in the diagrams.The acid particles move randomly through the water. As you increase the concentration of the acid, there are more acid particles in the same volume. Therefore there is a greater chance of acid particles colliding, and reacting, with particles on the surface of the marble and you increase the rate of reaction.This is what I will use in my experiment. The concentration of acid is written in Molars. For example, 1M (molar) is half the concentration of 2M. I will alt er the concentration to see what effect it has on the rate of reaction.Predictions:I predict that when investigation the effect of concentration on rate of reaction between marble chips and acid, that an alteration in concentration will effect the rate of reaction in a pattern. As has already been explained, as you increase the concentration of the acid, there are more acid particles in the same volume and so therefore there is a greater chance of acid particles colliding, and reacting, with particles on the surface of the marble. Because of this, I will make the prediction that the higher the concentration of acid, the faster the rate of reaction with the marble chips and the faster my measuring cylinder will fill with carbon dioxide.I also predict a more detailed pattern. I predict that the level of concentration may also have a direct effect on the rate of reaction. E.g. that if a 2M was compared with a 1M acid which is half the concentration, the rate of reaction will also be ha lf. I will now need to carry out my experiment to test these predictions.My ExperimentDiagram:Apparatus:Conical flask to hold the marble chips and acid for the experiment50ml measuring cylinder to measure the volume of acid being used in the experiment. I chose 50ml volume because that is the maximum acid we will need.Delivery tube and bung will transport C02 given offWeighing pot to hold the marble chips for weighing25ml measuring cylinder to collect the C02 given off by the experiment. I chose 25ml because it was the most sensible sizeBalance reading to 0.01g, must be accurate, to weigh the marble chipsWater trough to hold the water for the collection of C02Stop clock reading to 0.01 of a second, to accurately time the collection of C02 and the rate of the reactionMethod:Each time the variable is altered, I shall carry out exactly the same experiment, merely with a different concentration.* I will begin by collecting and setting up all my equipment. I need to make sure tha t the chonical flask is clean and doesnt have any substances already in it. The 25ml measuring cylinder needs to be filled with water. We found that if we filled a 25ml measuring cylinder, due to excess volume above the measurements, it actually held a total of 40ml. We found this by completely filling the cylinder as we would in the experiment, and then pouring this into a larger measuring cylinder and taking the reading. The cylinder then needs to be stood upside down in the trough that also needs to have an ample amount of water in. The delivery tube needs to be under the cylinder but does not yet need to have the bung in the flask.* The marble chips then need to be weighed accurately, remembering to take into account the surface area. These can then be put into the flask.* I will then prepare my acid to the right concentration. The amount of acid needs to be measured accurately in the separate, 50ml measuring cylinder and then water needs to be added, if required, to dilute the acid to the right concentration.* The acid can then be added to the flask and marble chips. The bung needs to be put in the flask immediately, and as soon as this is done I will begin the stop clock.* I will then watch the flask carefully and as soon as the first bubble comes out of the measuring cylinder, will stop the stop clock and take my reading.This will be carried out for each experiment. In-between, it is important to rinse and dry the chonical flask and to refill the 25ml measuring cylinder.After obtaining a complete set of results, I will then go through the process again to repeat my experiments. This will give me added information and will help explain anything out of place if necessary.Concentrations and Readings:I am going to carryout five experiments, and then repeat these to give me a total of 10 results, two for each experiment. The experiments I will carry out will be of five different concentrations of acid. Along with the concentrations in ml of both acid and wat er, I have written along with it the concentrations in molar (M). (Our original strength of acid is 2M) The concentrations will be:Acid (ml)Water (ml)CalculationMolar (M)5002 x 5/5 = M240102 x 4/5 = M1.630202 x 3/5 = M1.220102 x 2/5 = M0.810402 x 1/5 = M0.4We see that in this experiment, 2M will be the strongest acid, 0.4 will be the weakest. The way that the amount of ml is always equal to 50ml means though the concentrations change, the volume of liquid will be kept the same.Fair Test:It is very important to make my experiment fair. If it is not kept exact, then my results may easily be altered by slight differences that shouldnt occur.In order to keep my experiment fair, I will ensure that there is only one variable at any time. My variable will be the concentration of acid to water. Other possible variables such as the amount of liquid, temperature, amount of marble chips or surface area of marble chips should never change and should always stay the same. To do this, we will kee p the volume of liquid the same by measuring accurately in an accurate measuring cylinder. The amount of marble chips will be kept same by weighing them on accurate weighing scales. The surface area of the chips will be harder to keep accurate. We can do this generally by attempting to keep the marble chips of similar sizes as accurately as possible. I have decided to use small marble chips rather than large so that the surface areas are more similar. However, this may not always be completely accurate, and so we will have to take this into account and remember this when looking at results. We will monitor temperature with a thermometer, but will work to room temperature. We will not be able to alter the temperature as we please, and so will take a note of the temperatures for each experiment so that we can explain any changes of patterns in our results.It is also important not to change apparatus or equipment and to keep the experiment exactly the same.If this is kept to then my ex periment will be fair, hopefully giving me the most accurate results as possible.Safe Test:Keeping a safe test is also very important for the safety of me and other people around me. To ensure that my experiment is safe, I will carry out the following precautions.* Goggles should be warn to protect my eyes from acid or in case another accident occurred* I should act in a sensible and safe manner, carefully working with the equipment and being aware of any dangers.* The low concentration of acid I will use is a safety precaution to ensure that the acid is not dangerous.Obtaining My EvidenceTo obtain my evidence, I began by setting up my equipment and following the plan previously written. I measured hydrochloric acid (HCl) with water to produce the 50ml volume of the desired concentration, and added to this, 5g of small marble chips. I timed, in seconds, how long this took to produce a 45ml3 of gas by bubbling it through a delivery tube into an upturned mea-suring cylinder of water. The volume of which was 45ml. (All this is explained in more detailed in my plan). I included certain apparatus for accuracy. The reaction was timed accurately by using a stop clock measuring to 100th of a second. The scales measured the marble accurately by measuring exact to 0.01g. This accuracy of this was also improved by using small marble chips with more similar surface areas. The measuring cylinders used all measured to 0.1ml.From carrying out this process, I produced a set of results for 5 concentrations of acid, 2M, 1.6M, 1.2M, 0.8M and 0.4M. I then repeated these results for even more accuracy so that I will be able to produce an average.Results:The results for both the first set of experiments and the repeated, second set of experiments have been combined into one table. The column of Concentration, is measured in Molars (M). This is the volume of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and water (both measured in cm3) shown together. Time 1 and Time 2 are the times (in seconds) for expe riment 1, and the repeats, experiment 2.Other information that I also took, was a note of the room temperature at the time of taking the results. The results of experiment 1 and experiment two were taken on different days and so this was important information. I already know that temperature is an altering factor in rate of reaction and so if the temperature if not the same then it is important to know so that a change in results can be explained.Experiment 1 temperature 200CExperiment 2 temperature 190CThe first lots of experiments were taken at a temperature 10C higher than the second lot of experiments. This needs to be known to explain any patterns that may be related.Table of My Results:HCl (cm3)Water (cm3)Concentration (Molar)Time 1 (seconds)Time 2 (seconds)500213.0113.0740101.617.2713.3030201.227.3022.5120300.844.3732.4910400.4215.12186.22Analysing My Evidence and Drawing ConclusionsFrom my table of results, I can calculate additional information. I can work out an average ti me by adding the two existing times and dividing them by two. I can then find a rate of each reaction by dividing 1 by the average time. This will give me another pattern to follow by showing me how fast the reaction went at the different concentrations. The formulas for these are:Average = time + time / 2Reaction = 1 / timeI am going to add the answers of these as additional columns onto my table.HCl (cm3)Water (cm3)Concentration (Molar)Time 1 (seconds)Time 2 (seconds)Average Time (seconds)Rate500213.0113.0713.040.76740101.617.2713.3015.290.06530201.227.3022.5125.310.0420300.844.3732.4938.430.02610400.4215.12186.22200.670.005From the table, without the average time, we can see a common difference between the time in experiment one and the time in experiment two. All results for experiment 1 are slightly quicker than the times for experiment two (with exception of the 2M experiment). We can relate this back to the temperature difference. Temperature affects the rate of reaction. Whe n particles are heated up, they have more energy. They move around more quickly. As they travel faster, there are more collisions in a certain time. As well as this, with more energy, more collisions are likely to result in a reaction. Therefore, as temperatures are raised, reactions get faster and more likely, increasing the rate of reaction.I noted when obtaining my results how the room temperature at the time experiment 1 was being carried out was 200C, where as experiment 2 was at 190C. This means that experiment 1, having the higher temperature, would have shown a faster rate of reaction, which is exactly what is shown in the table.This is apart from the reading for the highest concentration, the 2M experiment. Here we see that the time in experiment 2 is faster than that in experiemnt1. However, this is by 0.06 of a second. Here human reaction time may be a factor. Although the stop clocks are very accurate, they will never be exact, as it is very hard to stop the clock exactl y at the time you want it to. This error may have led to this small difference. By noticing this here, we can also take it into account for the other experiments, remembering that they are not exact but only by a very small error.The average helps to even out the differing results which means that one, middle number is produced to work with. Because, also, I have no obvious anomalous results, readings that dont fit the pattern of the higher the concentration, the faster the reaction and so the shorter the time, the averages will follow the same trend.To look more closely at my data, I am going to enter my average times onto a line graph. I think this is the best type of graph to use as it fits my results of continuous date and will show any trends clearly. This is on the next page (graph 1). The concentration in molars is along the x-axis, the time of the reaction in seconds is along the y-axis. I have plotted my recorded points and drawn a curved line of best fit.From this data I c an now say that the concentration does effect the rate of reaction. The line of best fit shows very clearly, a definite trend that as you increase the concentration, you decrease the time taken, showing an increase in speed. Rate and time are inversely related. As one increases the other decreases, as seen on the graph, meaning that as time increases, rate of reaction decreases.What we see on the graph is a sharp decrease from about 200 seconds to about 50 seconds over a concentration range of only 0.3M showing fast reactions. Over another 11M there is a much more gradual decrease as it slows down, only covering approximately a range of 49 seconds. The remaining range of 2M covers 1 second and appears to be reaching a level line.The second graph (graph 2 over the page), again a line graph, is using the rate I worked out in the table, against the concentration. This gives us I more direct trend towards the effect of concentration on rate of reaction. It shows very definitely and clea rly that the higher the concentration, the higher the rate. As rate and time are inverse, I would expect an almost mirror of the concentration against time graph. This is what has happened. Instead of a sharp decrease followed by a gradual decrease as seen in the concentration against time graph, the concentration against rate graph shows a gradual increase followed by a sharp increase. My line of best fit covers 1.4M at a 0.05 rate very gradually, then a slight increase, and then over 1M, the rate increases by 0.567.My prediction before carrying out this experiment was that the higher the concentration of acid, the faster the rate of reaction. Both these graphs prove this to be correct. This is due to the activity of the molecules in the experiment. The rate of reaction is the amount of a substance that takes part in a chemical reaction in a given time. In order to react, the particles must collide with each other. If the rate of reaction is increasing, it is the amount of particle s colliding and therefore reacting that is increasing. As we increase the concentration of acid, the substance taking part in the chemical reaction (along with marble chips), the rate of reaction increases. This is because an increase in concentration increases the amount of collisions taking place. With more particles in the same volume, there is a greater and more common likely hood of collisions taking place. This is why concentration effects rate of reaction.The second part of my prediction was more detailed. I predicted that the level of concentration may also have a direct effect on the rate of reaction, meaning that if the reaction of a 2M acid was compared with that of a 1M acid, which is half the concentration, the rate of reaction will also be half.I looked at my graph of concentration against rate to investigate this. I used the examples of 1M and 2M and took the following readings of my graph and line of best fit.1M = rate of 0.032M = rate of 0.72This shows my prediction to be very incorrect. If it would be true, then my graph would show a straight line of equal increase. However, my line of best fit gradually increases, going against my prediction.From my results I can conclude that the rate of reaction between marble chips and acid is increased by an increase in concentration.EvaluationLooking back on the experiment, I think that I have carried out successful, dependable procedure that has given me precise and reliable evidence and results. First I will look at the practical work that I did. When doing the practical work, I followed my plan accurately. I kept it a safe and fair test and this is important. I experiment I planned was easy to carry out. Problems arose in temperature. The only variable was meant to be concentration, but due to uncontrollable circumstances, room temperature did alter. Luckily this occurred between sets of experiments which gave me additional information to look into. However, if that had happen part way through a set of results my results may have been slightly more irregular. To overcome this problem, results could have been taken all in one go. However, this was not practical in the spaces of time we were able to have. The other variable of surface area appeared to de successful. We already took precautions over this by using small marble chips instead of large, and so no problems arose.The accuracy of my results is as accurate as I think I would need. From my results I have produced graphs that show very definite and visible trends and patterns and no anomalous results and so the readings must have been correct. It may be possible to improve accuracy. I learnt from the strongest concentration, the 2M acid and the fastest reaction, that for short spaces of time the accuracy is not as exact. This could be solved by an alteration in equipment. If I were to do the experiment again, I would use a larger upturned measuring cylinder. The one I used held 45ml3 of solution. I found this took roughly 1 3 seconds to fill with gas, making it slightly inaccurate because it was a small space of time. However, if we increase the volume of the cylinder, it would take a longer time period. This may have improved accuracy. Other equipment all proved fine. I had no troubles with any other pieces of apparatus and would not alter them.To look into this investigation further of how concentration alters rate of reaction, I would like to look into concentration of solids in a reaction and concentrations of gases, similar to how we look at concentration of liquid and acid. It will be interesting to see if gases for instance have the same reaction patterns as liquids. I can see that my results mean that an increase of concentration of acid increases the rate. Would an increase of concentration of gas make any difference in the rate of reaction? This would help to add to an overall conclusion to the investigation.

A cross cultural comparison into the significance of personal Dissertation

A cross cultural comparison into the significance of personal familiarity and respect within business arrangements in Romania and the United Kingdom - Dissertation Example The globalization has created an acute need to expand the business internationally. The cultural factor is one of the most influential factors in the accomplishment of business aims. Culture is the sentimental factor of every country. The business manners and etiquettes vary in every culture. So it is very important to be familiar with the culture of the country. Approach: The study is held with the comparative analysis of the corporate culture between the two European nations. Britain and Romania have been taken for the culture study on corporate scenario. The paper aims at finding out the cultural differences between Britain and Romania. Despite being European country, there is a vast difference between the cultures of these two different countries. The paper first focuses on the international business relationship between Britain and Romania with recent statistic. Further the paper discusses Romania’s corporate culture and Britain’s culture. Scope to the study: Thoug h it is a management and business related research paper, the paper focuses on the cultural issues in business world. Awareness, respect, and honour to the other cultures has become one of the major prerequisites of the corporate leaders Practical implication: The study includes the following corporate cultural aspects of Britain and Romania: Languages/ religious orientation Cultural Values Etiquettes and manners Behaviour Symbols Body language and their meaning Key words: Comparative analysis, Britain Romania, Cultural factors, corporate world. INTRODUCTION Due to globalization the business has crossed its local and national peripheries. ‘Globalization is rapidly breaking down our vision of a world with well-defined national, cultural and linguistic boundaries.’ (Irina Budrina 2011) For its growth and expansion, the businesses have to rely on international dealings. Mergers, acquisition, joint ventures are the common phenomena in today’s globalized corporate env ironment. The corporate tasks are majorly performed by the employees from different cultural background. Culture has an influence on the way people operate and manage their businesses. It also plays a significant role in the way managers negotiate and interact with other business people, organisations and consumers. ‘It is important that you adapt your management style to reflect the market in which you are working.’ (International Marketing Challenges, Smart Biz Connect) New strategies related to multiculturalism have been dominating in the organizations. Knowledge and well understanding and benefitting from cultural differences has become one of the major challenges to the organizations that are operating on global level. ‘Each nation has a distinctive culture and different beliefs about what business activities are acceptable or unethical.’ (Ferrell, Fraedrich 2009 p.150) Consequently it has become crucial to consider cultural aspects while designing the strategies. Intercultural competency has become one of the most important prerequisites in the increasingly global business. The term intercultural competency is associated with the ability communicate effectively with the people of different cultures. While training and orienting people who are going to be the leaders, they have been given the training of cultural knowledge needed for a successful business. It is essential for the manager to understand and respect the cultural aspects of the country in which they want to establish their business. ‘Failure to place marketing strategy in the cross-cultural context of the countries where a company is doing business will work to the detriment of brands and business relationships.’ (Emery and Tian, 2003, 2002; Tian 2000) The cultural factors include language, behavioural pattern, their

Euthanasia Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Euthanasia - Term Paper Example There are a plethora of perspectives which must be considered and this paper will shed light upon the most important perspectives. No religion in the world would vouch for assisted suicides as it is a huge sin to bring your life to an end and it is an even bigger sin to help someone die but in the case of terminally ill people it is a different story. There are several NGOs that have been established to help terminally ill people; Dying with dignity is one such NGO which is located in Canada. The members of the NGO have been trying hard to help terminally ill people, the NGO supports assisted suicide but at the same time they have been trying to ensure that the terminally ill patients die without any pain and they die with dignity. In some countries it is against the law to assist terminally ill patients to commit suicide. Final exit network is another NGO which helps terminally ill patients in assisted suicides. This NGO is known for accepting patients who are suffering from fatal diseases like cancer, heart failure, Parkinson’s disease and so on. Usually it is very difficult for such patients to be adopted by an NGO but Final exit is an exception and it accepts almost everyone. The near and dear ones of the terminally ill die each day, they suffer from physical and emotional trauma isn’t assisted suicide better than dying each day? It may not be the best option but when emotional pain and suffering supersedes everything, one is left with a handful of options.

Knowledge Management and IT Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Knowledge Management and IT Services - Essay Example More than ever before, IT infrastructure in Islamic Bank of Britain is both key for business strategy and the source of competitive advantages and critical achievement factor in many industries. At the similar, IT infrastructure that supports commerce has grown quickly in a scope and extensiveness, becoming more and more difficulty than ever and before. More highly, IT enters into a new era where operational fineness counts, IT organization are focusing labors on humanizing IT service levels as also reducing the service release and service support cost as a key driver for delivering IT value. Value added by put into practice control approach, jointly with IT service management, it will benefit the commerce world and enter into a new commerce world. This paper emphasize two well practice IT supremacy, which is control approach labor closer with the organization goal. ITIL, IT service management, which value added to the organization for advantage the Islamic Bank of Britain from civil izing customer approval. This paper also exemplify how risk and control subject on map COBIT control approach, also how ITIL advantage the organization from the service support and service release that been careful as the heart of the ITIL structure for IT service management (Alpar, P. and Kalmring, D. 2001, pp.730-742). "Knowledge" is a set of beliefs, expertise, experiences and assumptions that the human mind uses to form casual relationships between phenomena, and assign meaning to data in order to generate information." (Sanchez and Heene 1997). Research in knowledge management classically classifies knowledge into two essential forms: tacit and explicit knowledge. No doubt, explicit knowledge is knowledge that is clearly articulated and in businesses, such knowledge is often collected, stored and discrete as management information of Islamic Bank of Britain (Bose, R. 2004, pp. 457-468). Tacit knowledge is the

Purchase Intention of Consumers: Instant Noodles

Purchase Intention of Consumers: Instant Noodles Chapter 1 Generalities of the study Introduction of study During the economic recession, consumers have to spend more economically and change their consumption behavior. Food which people around the world initially thinks of and enables people to save more is instant noodles which are very cheap and have diversified brands and flavors. Therefore, the instant noodle market can make a lot of money when compared with other consumption goods because consumers like to buy and store the instant noodles during the economic recession period. Almost every family in Thailand always store and eats the instant noodles as a meal or emergency food. When people are hungry at night and they want to save money, the instant noodles are their first choice. The study of Nano Search Co., Ltd showed that, at present, consumers buy and eat the instant noodles with which they have been familiar or a long time. Thai people in all ages know the instant noodles in diversified brands and original and new flavors which meet consumers need. Most students at Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT) have domiciles in various provinces while some students houses are from the university. Therefore, they have to live in the dormitories outside and inside the university. As most students have no incomes, they have to save their expenditure on consumption. Therefore, the instant noodles are their first choice because there are several brands and original and new flavors of the instant noodles which meet consumers need. Therefore, the idea to learn about what events or factors affecting the consumption of instant noodles students. Instant noodle is very famous in Thailand. It has variety of brand and target to many age ranges. Many children love to eat instant noodle especially not when they are not boiled. They eat it as snacks. Instant noodles sold in ready-to-prepare packages area popular industrially processed food in Thailand. Six million packages are produced each day, 80% of which are made by only three companies. Most are consumed domestically, although they are also exported. In 1993instant noodle consumption in Thailand was 30 packs per capita [Anonymous. Reaching the masses. Asia Pacific Food Industry 1996;8:38-45.]. Over 90% of these instant noodles are of the deep-fried type, which are sometimes classified by academics as junk food due to their high salt, fat, and carbohydrate content and low-quality protein. Therefore, the label on the package suggests adding meat or egg and vegetables, which is the traditional mode of eating noodles in Thailand. However, because of inconvenience, this suggestion is seldom practiced by consumers. Both males and females aged 15 to 49 years from all socio-economic strata in Thailand consume instant noodles. The consumption of the products according to the countrys regions and zones is shown in table 1. Forty-one percent of the products are consumed in Bangkok, at the same percentages as in up-country rural areas. TABLE 1. Regional and zonal percent distributions of instant noodles Location Percentage Regions Bangkok 41 Central 17 North 18 North-East 18 South 7 Zones Bangkok 41 Rest of country Urban 18 Rural 41 Source: Thai President Foods Public Company Limited, Bangkok,Thailand, 1996. There are many brands present i.e. MAMA, WAI WAI, YUM YUM, and etc. The instant noodle war is very competitive. As the data on 21st June, 2010, the leader brand is MAMA of Thai President Food. It has market share 53 percent or around 5,000 Million Baht. Meanwhile WAI WAI- the market follower of Thai Preserved Food Factory takes only 25 percent [www.banmuang.co.th]. For MAMA cup, it has been grown by 50% when compare with the sales at the same period last year. That is the highest sales volume during last 20 years. The growth in market value leaped in significant level in last 6 years, as seen in below table. Table 2: Market value of instant noodle Year Market Value (Million Baht) Percentage 2005 9,500 2006 10,000 5.26% 2007 11,500 15.00% 2008 12,000 4.35% 2009 10,000 -16.67% 2010 10,300 3.00% 2. Statement of the research Instant noodle is widely eaten all around Thailand. As we can see in news during recession period, we will see in the news keep telling about Mama Index. The index is the total consumption of instant noodle. The report is interested in purchasing behavior of the students at Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi. The research would like to study the relationship of purchasing. The research is conducted within RMUTT and data collection will be gathered from RMUTT student. 3. Research Objectives Objective of this research are listed as below; 1. To study the reason for the purchase of instant noodles students. 2. To study the advertising is to attract the consumption of instant noodles students. 3. To study the satisfaction of the students in the appropriate price and quality. 4. To study the satisfaction and popularity of the student with flavor of instant noodles. 4. Scope of the Research We will study about instant noodles consumption behavior of Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi Students by making selected representative sample of 100 people resided in dormitories of internal and external university to take Questionnaires on various topics related to the purchase of instant noodles such as the reason for the purchase, advertising of instant noodle, appropriate price and quality and flavor of student satisfaction. We will collect data to analyze the behavior of students instant noodle consumption. 5. Limitations of the Research Problem of data errors may have findings that do not match reality because the university has students many which representative samples are less than 10% of all students. Researcher still has limitations in terms of research and duration of storage could not increase the number of representative samples. 6. Significance of the Study Significance of the study about instant noodles consumption behavior of Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi Students. To know what the factors affecting consumption of students and students have any opinion about the instant noodles today. To manufacturers and distributors preliminary results of this study can be used as guidelines for improvement of instant noodles better and for this research will enable students consume Instant noodles even more desirable. Provided the problem and make suggestions, manufacturer and distributor of lead analysis and action. 7. Definition of Terms 1. Instant noodles means: Product line which consisting of noodles or cooked and partially cooked. Garniture different flavor. Oil and seasoning in the appropriate ratio. Packed in small envelopes. Total containers and packaging in the same Cook without eating more than five minutes. 2. Economic recession means: Lower economic growth sluggish start trading conditions. Sellers are less Operators to reduce production losses due. Consequences are the termination of employment. 3. Changing consumer behavior means: That the expression of individuals directly related to the use of products and economic waiter. Process, including decisions affecting expression. Chapter 2 Literature review and previous studies 2.1Definition and Features of the Independent Variables For the literatures reviews and related studies part, there are 3 major sections as the following: Health Awareness Health becomes a hot issue for todays talk. There are many reports and news that related to health care. People are concern to health more than past. As we can see from the product which has sold in the market, they are presented as organic product, non-chemical products and many things those were labeled as chemical-free. There are some supermarkets that has organic corner. Moreover a corner in the supermarket, there are supermarkets those sell only organic food- Whole Food grocery shop. Whole food has dedicate all the store are to organic because there are many customer that want to use organic product as we can see from the sales revenue. The revenue of Whole food has climbed up every year. It has increased by 70% in past 4 year (Fiscal Year 2005 2009, source www.wholefood.com). It means there are many people interested in health more and more. Furthermore this trend is still increasing. Price The study found that instant noodles are a low cost of production is sold on the cheap, but in terms of food quality noodles are semi-successful low nutritional value, if too many consumers will negatively impact the body. Student RMUTT take into account the price and quality rather than quantity of food. Convenience Convenience is easy to buy and easy to eat. Instant noodle has convenience as its point of sales. Convenience also means easy to buy. Income Income is money which is paid to the student. It means money that has paid by their parents, by employer of their part time jobs and other ways. 2.2 Theories Related to the Independent Variable(s) 2.2.1 Health awareness Food safety is an important issue that has shown a thoughtful effect on the consumers behavior in the food industry. Also the growing awareness about health wellness play an important role in influencing the consumers demand for healthy food products. People are concern to health more and more every day. Junk food is suggested not to take too much especially taking balance dietary. Also many organizations promote health awareness to the public. Regular breakfast eating, physical activity and regular sleep patterns were associated with good Quality of life among early adolescents [Chen, 2005]. Unhealthy sleep habits are increasing and related to several other behavioral and emotional problems among children [Lui et al, 2002]. In addition, although protein-energy malnutrition in Thailand has lessened in severity over the past 10 years, deficiencies of certain micronutrients, such as iodine, irons, and vitamin A, are still significant. Among the many control and prevention strategies t hat have been implemented, fortification of industrially processed foods is now emerging as potentially important, since a growing reliance on such foods by the Thai people has arisen due to the countrys rapidly expanding industrialized and cash-based market economy. One such food is the instant noodle, which is acceptable, available, and affordable in Thailand. Woman with high age, high education has positive effect on consumer likelihood to concern on health [Wied, 2006]. 2.2.2 Price First, the noodles manufacturing is facing fierce competition domestically because of rapid development of alternative food. The instant noodle market is reaching maturity status, slowing growth. That is to say, operators have to develop new products to spur buying sentiment. To avoid competition, operators should build a sound brand image and reinforce marketing strategies and brands to increase sales. A large degree of overlap in noodle products should exhort firms to improve their abilities to control costs in order to ensure profits. Moreover, operators should also rely on joint purchases to deal with soaring prices of raw materials. First-tier firms may rely on parent companies resources, while small and medium enterprises on joint-purchases to lower costs. Next the cost of a 55-g package of instant noodles is only 3.50 to 4.00 baht (US$0.14-0.16), whereas one serving of Thai fast food costs at least 10-15 baht (US$ 0.50-0.60). This price increased in October 1996 after remainin g at about 3.00 baht (US$0.12) for almost 16 years. The price was previously fixed because of high market competition. Instant noodles are a low-profit-margin product, but they can be distributed to consumers all over the country. While The attitude distribution survey found that the target customers of instant rice noodle product had attitude types mainly belongs to Reformer and Mainstreamer class. These types of attitude classes had a significant correlation to the product characteristics of sensory quality, added nutrition, convenience and price. Such information could be used for product communication. Moreover in Thailand, the cost of a 55-g package is about 5 baht, whereas one serving of Thai fast food costs at least 20 25 baht. Instant noodles are therefore an affordable dish for people of all socioeconomic levels. And In the United States, the cost of a volumetric feeder varies widely between US$ 5,000 and 7,000, while that of a ribbon or paddle Blender/mixer varies between US$ 9,000 and 15,000. This equipment, however, may be available locally at lower prices. Next to Instant food become more and more necessity in fast pace ages. Instant noodle and rice etc. are featured as the merits of low price and convenience but the demerits of high-calorie and nutrition shortage. In China, the major consumers of instant noodle can be divided into two categories: one is travelers and the other is single youths, such as university students and so on. In China, the price of instant noodle packed with bag is below two Yuan (0.29 USD) and the price of instant noodle packed with bowl is less than four Yuan (0.58 USD). However, the average price of a buffet is more than eight Yuan (1.14 USD) in the big cities in China. In 2008, the sales volumes of Chinese instant noodle, rice and vermicelli were over 5.5 million tons valued at least 6 billion USD, in which instant noodle accounted for about 95% market share of sales volumes and 90% market share of sales revenues. How ever The prices of instant noodles have scale up with the increase in the prices of basic material including the main basic material wheat flour. Now the prices of instant noodle have risen to more than Rp 1,000 per 60-68 gram pack. As the latent demand for instant noodles in India is not actual or historic sale nor is a latent demand future sale. In fact, latent demand can be either lower or higher than actual sales if a market is inefficient (i.e., not representative of relatively competitive levels). Inefficiencies arise from a number of factors, including the lack of international openness, cultural barriers to consumption, regulations, and cartel-like behavior on the part of firms. In general, however, latent demand is typically larger than actual sales in a market. Finally, the domestic players hold the advantages of lower cost of production and distribution, competitive retail prices, local knowledge and network, but they are relatively weak in taste, variety, advertising an d packaging. 2.2.3 Convenience There are many reasons that people eating. Hungry is the basic reason but there are many others. For example want to eat, convenience, follow the colleague. However the reason for eating instant noodle may be a bit different. Nano research found that the behavior of consumers of instant noodles is I think eating 22.8 percent followed by hungry and 16.3 percent, to save money and 15.6 percent from the behavior of buying instant noodles with various sizes that the inquiry found. As we know that instant noodle is semi-cooked food. One of its sales points is convenience. It aims to be convenience food- ready to cook and ready to eat. Major cooking methods for instant noodle are as below. Tear the package Put the noodle into a bowl Tear all ingredient which contain in the package Pour hot water into the bowl Close the lid Wait for instant noodle for 3 minutes Enjoy the instant noodle The waiting time is 3 minutes, the waiting time is faster than cooking or buying the food. Convenience also means easy to buy. Instant noodle can be found in every grocery shop. Not only in papa-mama shop to super hyper store. 2.2.4 Income Instant noodle in Thailand has known as low price food. It has indicated the economic in Thailand. The index is very famous. It is called MAMA Index. This index always converted with economy status. When the index has risen, Thai economic is nearly falling down. Low income people who have money shortage will increase buying instant noodle. 2.3 Critical Analysis/Discussion of the Theories Related to the Dependent Variables Kent Wolfe, Marketing Analyst, the University of Georgia stated that purchase decision occurs when the consumer actually makes the purchase. It includes the product, method of payment, package, location of purchase and all other factors that are associated with purchasing the product. 2.4 Discussion of the Dependent Variables This step is directly influenced by marketers. If the marketing campaign was effective, consumers purchase the product. Marketers have an impact on this portion of the process by their interaction with consumers. Advertising directly impacts the purchase decision by stimulating consumers awareness of a need, providing relevant product information and helping them evaluate the product and derive that this is their best purchase option. 2.5 Relationship of the independent variable to the Dependent variable. Research indicate that consumers will step behavior of instant noodles are consumed. When student demand to eat instant noodles Student will demand to buy noodles semi Finished form and the purchasing behavior Student to compare the suitability of the price And some student will consider the nutritional value And these factors will result in Instant noodle consumption Behavior of RMUTT Students 2.6 Previous Studies Nano Search company, study about the behavior of instant noodles were consumed. The sample is 48.0 percent male and 52.0 percent female, age range can be classified into 3 age range is 18-25 years old accounted for 63.0 percent age 26-35 years accounted for 34.5 percent and over 35. in percentage 2.5 respectively of the sample income not exceeding 10,000 baht per cent 36.0 Income 10,001 15,000 baht per cent 28.5 and more than 15,000 percent 35.5 for education degree Most degree 93.0 percent respectively, followed. Education Secondary School. / Secondary and Vocational / associate professionals, respectively, private companies and 64.0 per cent to group students accounted for 17.5 percent. The study of the behavior of consumers of instant noodles that In the reasons for eating instant noodles found a reason to eat it. I think eating 22.8 percent respectively, followed by hungry and 16.3 percent, to save money and 15.6 percent from the behavior of buying instant noodles with various size that the inquiry found. Consumers have to buy popular instant noodle. Pack a small 46.0 percent and buy a big bag. 24.0 percent and buy a pack (envelope) of 24.0 per cent share at the same place to buy instant noodles at a regular place to buy it. Revealed that location was purchased by the majority is convenience store, such as 7-11 as 54.0 percent respectively, followed. Department store retail / wholesale (District Councils Department Store) as Lotus, Big C, , etc. representing 14.5 percent of the retail and online stores. Percentage 13.5, respectively, for the cost of buying instant noodles per month, it was found that the cost to purchase per month, approximately up to 50 per month, per cent 46.0 and more than 100 Baht percent per month. And from 31.0 to inquire about purchasing behavior of consumers of instant noodles that With the behavior. Buy the original brand new taste, but each time a purchase. Percent. 53.0 respectively, followed. The behavior of purchasing brand new But taste is taste the same. Percent. 20.0 and for the need to have instant n oodles at home always on them. Consumers see that Necessary to have instant noodles on the house always 68.0 percent and 32.0 percent, only to see that not only have to have instant noodles in the house on the important factors in decisions to buy instant noodles, it was found that the main factor. The good taste / smell / taste 24.9 percent respectively, followed. The advertising media. 10.3 per cent and can be purchased easily Available online.6.9 percent and the appropriate subject of inquiry in terms of quality and price to buy instant noodle. Found that most consumers agree on the appropriate price and quality of the noodle-half years at Sam Century Direct sales in general and the reason for that. Affordable quality that consumers price was good / not expensive and 58.1 percent full power good 12.9 percent. 3.2 Conceptual Framework Gender Health Awareness Intent to purchase instant noodle of RMUTT student Price Convenience Income of the student 3.3 Research Hypothesis Ho1- There is no relationship between intentions to purchase instant noodle of RMUTT Students toward gender. Ha1- There is relationship between intentions to purchase instant noodle of RMUTT Students toward gender. Ho2- There is no relationship between intentions to purchase instant noodle of RMUTT Students toward price. Ha2- There is relationship between intentions to purchase instant noodle of RMUTT Students toward price. Ho3- There is no relationship between intentions to purchase instant noodle of RMUTT Students toward convenience. Ha3- There is relationship between intentions to purchase instant noodle of RMUTT Students toward convenience. Ho4- There is no relationship between intentions to purchase instant noodle of RMUTT Students toward income. Ha4- There is relationship between intentions to purchase instant noodle of RMUTT Students toward income. Ho5- There is no relationship between intentions to purchase instant noodle of RMUTT Students toward health awareness. Ha5- There is relationship between intentions to purchase instant noodle of RMUTT Students toward health awareness. 3.4 Operationalization of the Independent and Dependent Variables Dependent variable Nominal Definition Operational Definition Level of Measurement Purchasing Decision Action occurred when the consumer actually makes the purchase. Consumers decide to buy CP ready meal product. Interval Scale Dimensions (X) (Conceptual Definition) (Operation Definition) Level of Measurement Health Awareness Being aware of how your body looks and feels and what is normal for you and to notice any changes. Scoring on consumers health awareness by using questionnaire to be evaluated by Likert Scale Interval Scale Price Price of instant food Price is low Ordinal Scale Convenience Easy to buy and easy eat Product can be found easily Interval Scale Product can be eaten easily Interval Scale Income Money received, especially on a regular basis, for work or through investments Divide into two group 1) Less than 6,000 2) More than 6,000 Ordinal Scale

Condoleezza Rice Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

Condoleezza Rice Not many people can add the position of National Security Advisor to their list of achievements, especially if those people are women. Condoleezza Rice, however, can place the accomplishment right up there with being a previous member of President Bush’s foreign-policy team, and tenured professor and provost in the political science department of the prestigious Stanford University. Rice is well known for her knowledge on Russian history and current events. After growing up in Birmingham, Alabama during a time of racial segregation, Rice soon went on to graduate from the University of Denver at the age of 19 (she skipped two grades), where she became an expert in the issues of the Soviet Union. She also received two advanced degrees in political science. With a master’s degree from the University of Notre Dame and a doctorate from the University of Denver’s Graduate School of International Studies, she soon found herself a provost and professor at Stanford, only to be drawn away by a life in politics. In Washington, D.C., Rice worked on nuclear strategic planning with the Council on Foreign Relations fellowship at the Joint Chiefs of Staff. After returning to Stanford, she soon found herself back in the political spotlight. President George Bush, in 1989, trusted Rice to the point of allowing her to aid in Russian policy and relations. Rice became the director of Soviet and East European affairs with the National Security Council, special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Soviet affairs in the National Security Council. In essence, Rice helped Poland receive needed reforms, as well as helped with policies between the United States... ...ck and female, the world suddenly takes notice. â€Å" There aren't too many females in this business, she was really an exception in this almost 100-percent-male crowd -- which may be one of the reasons she earned the reputation of being tough," said Sergei Rogov, director of the Russian Institute of U.S. and Canada Studies in Moscow, who has known Rice for nearly two decades. Condoleeza Rice has been a member on the boards of directors for the Charles Schwab Corporation, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, the Chevron Corporation, the University of Notre Dame, the International Advisory Council of J.P. Morgan and the San Francisco Board of Governors. She also has invested time working on various political books, such as â€Å"Germany Unified and Europe Transformed,† â€Å"The Gorbachev Era,† and â€Å"Uncertain Allegiance: The Soviet Union and the Czechoslovak Army.† Condoleezza Rice Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays Condoleezza Rice Not many people can add the position of National Security Advisor to their list of achievements, especially if those people are women. Condoleezza Rice, however, can place the accomplishment right up there with being a previous member of President Bush’s foreign-policy team, and tenured professor and provost in the political science department of the prestigious Stanford University. Rice is well known for her knowledge on Russian history and current events. After growing up in Birmingham, Alabama during a time of racial segregation, Rice soon went on to graduate from the University of Denver at the age of 19 (she skipped two grades), where she became an expert in the issues of the Soviet Union. She also received two advanced degrees in political science. With a master’s degree from the University of Notre Dame and a doctorate from the University of Denver’s Graduate School of International Studies, she soon found herself a provost and professor at Stanford, only to be drawn away by a life in politics. In Washington, D.C., Rice worked on nuclear strategic planning with the Council on Foreign Relations fellowship at the Joint Chiefs of Staff. After returning to Stanford, she soon found herself back in the political spotlight. President George Bush, in 1989, trusted Rice to the point of allowing her to aid in Russian policy and relations. Rice became the director of Soviet and East European affairs with the National Security Council, special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Soviet affairs in the National Security Council. In essence, Rice helped Poland receive needed reforms, as well as helped with policies between the United States... ...ck and female, the world suddenly takes notice. â€Å" There aren't too many females in this business, she was really an exception in this almost 100-percent-male crowd -- which may be one of the reasons she earned the reputation of being tough," said Sergei Rogov, director of the Russian Institute of U.S. and Canada Studies in Moscow, who has known Rice for nearly two decades. Condoleeza Rice has been a member on the boards of directors for the Charles Schwab Corporation, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, the Chevron Corporation, the University of Notre Dame, the International Advisory Council of J.P. Morgan and the San Francisco Board of Governors. She also has invested time working on various political books, such as â€Å"Germany Unified and Europe Transformed,† â€Å"The Gorbachev Era,† and â€Å"Uncertain Allegiance: The Soviet Union and the Czechoslovak Army.†